The number of unit positive charges carried by the nucleus of an atom is termed as the atomic number. Since the positive charge on the nucleus is due to the presence of protons in it and each proton carries one unit positive charge, therefore, the atomic number is numerically equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom.
The sum of the neutrons and protons is known as mass number. Mass number is generally represented by the letter A. Therefore, from the knowledge of atomic number and mass number of an element, the number of electrons, protons and neutrons can be easily predicted.
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